During the Chinese Civil War, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) captured Nanjing and downgraded its status to the provincial capital of Jiangsu Province, and named Beijing as the national capital. In 1937, Japan invaded China, capturing the city and killing more than 350,000 people in what came to be known as the Nanjing Massacre. In January 1912, the Xinhai Revolution resulted in the formation of the Republic of China, and Nanjing was named as its capital. During the Ming dynasty, the capital was moved to Beijing, but Nanjing remained an important economic and political center. Six of China's great dynasties, including the Eastern Wu, Eastern Jin, Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang, and Chen dynasties, had capitals in Nanjing. Nanjing holds a prominent place in China's history, as it served as the capital of several dynasties, kingdoms, and republican governments from the third century until the mid-twentieth century.
Beijing first became the capital of China during the Yuan dynasty (1279–1368), and later served as capital during the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Republic of China (1912–1928), and the current People's Republic of China. Before the first emperor unified the country in 221 BCE, Beijing served as capital of the ancient states of Yan and Ji, and was a developing provincial city in northern China during the imperial rule until the 13th century, when it became capital of the Jin and Liao dynasties. Four Great Ancient Capitals of China Beijingīeijing, which is the current capital of China, has a long history that dates back more than 3,000 years. During the Chinese Civil War, Taiwan broke away from mainland China and established its own capital, Taipei. In addition to being a historical capital, Beijing has served as the current capital of the People's Republic of China since 1949. Between the 1930s and the early 2000s, archaeologists unearthed further evidence suggesting the existence of additional capitals, including Kaifeng, Hangzhou, Anyang, and Zhengzhou.
The Four Great Ancient Capitals of China are Beijing, Nanjing, Luoyang, and Xi'an.
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